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Gum disease treatments can be classified as surgical and non-surgical treatments. Non-surgical treatments are scaling removal and Root Surface Flattening, which is the main treatment.
Gingivectomy is a method that is frequently applied in cases where it is desired to extend the length of teeth with short crown (visible part of the tooth) and to provide gingival symmetry.
When we smile; The amount of visible gingiva plays a very important role in smile aesthetics. (The situation where the gums appear too much during smiling is defined as gummy smile). Asymmetrical and incompatible gingival edges can create the impression that the teeth are irregular and the smile line is curved. Teeth may appear longer or shorter if the gums are receding or if they are too swollen and long. Elimination of these negative situations is possible thanks to gingival aesthetic applications.
Gum aesthetics is not only done to address the aesthetic concerns of the person, but also to order the tooth order as it should be. Since gingival diseases are diseases that disrupt the tooth structure and cause tooth loss, their treatment brings many advantages. Some of those:
Gingivoplasty, also known as gingivoplasty, is planned according to the patient’s gingival structure after the specialist physician’s examination. Gingivoplasty is a shaping procedure. With gingivectomy, the excess parts of the gums are removed and reshaped with gingivoplasty.
Although different techniques are used during gingival surgery (gingivectomy, gingivoplasty), laser applications have given the best treatment results in recent years. The fact that there is no bleeding during the operation and the recovery is faster after the operation makes the laser very advantageous over other devices.
Flap operation is known as a gum operation to correct the pockets formed in the gums and to restore the gums to their old, healthy form. Gum pockets are a term that refers to the points below the gum line where the gum tissue begins to separate from the tooth. This leads to the formation of an area where harmful bacteria will start to grow and cannot be cleaned. Bacteria cause inflammation in the tissues and cause sensitivity, bleeding and pain in the gums. If left untreated, this problem can lead to serious gum disease, damage to the bone tissue that supports the tooth, and systemic health problems that can affect the entire body.
In the treatment of these unwanted pockets formed in the teeth, firstly, the methods of calculus cleaning and root correction are used. This treatment, which is carried out using a manual or ultrasonic tool, may not always work due to the stage of the disease. Flap operation comes into play when this type of treatment is not effective. Although the flap operation does not constitute a permanent solution to periodontal diseases, it is a method that makes it much more effective and easier to maintain gingival health. Even if you have a tooth structure that is particularly sensitive and prone to gum disease, it is possible to keep your gums healthy for as long as possible with the support you will receive from a specialist periodontist.
Flap operation is usually performed under local anesthesia. In some special cases, along with local anesthesia, an orally relaxing syrup or anti-anxiety medication can be given to the patient. However, being under general anesthesia for flap operation is also an alternative. After the anesthesia has taken effect, a small incision is made to separate the gum from the tooth. The outer gingival tissue gently leans back to allow access to the root, connective tissues and bone tissue.
After the first stage is completed, it is time to clean the inflamed gingival tissue. After removing the diseased gingival tissue and cleaning the root of the tooth, antibiotic treatment can also be applied to the area, although it is deemed necessary. If there is damage to the bones, it is possible to eliminate the damage by using graft material.
Finally, after all the necessary treatments are done, the incision is closed and the flap operation is completed. The success rate of flap surgery is very high when performed by a specialist doctor. Tooth flap operation is considered among the methods that are most frequently applied and lead to the most effective results when it comes to periodontal diseases and inflammations.
Free gingival graft is the application of gingival tissue taken from the palate to the area with excessive gingival recession. It is applied to close the opening in the tooth roots and to obtain sufficient gums. After the graft operation is performed, new blood vessels grow and help integrate with the surrounding tissue. At the end of the recovery, the patient gains a more aesthetic appearance.
There are a wide variety of gingival graft operations. The form of the operation may vary according to the indication. Various types of operations; such as connective tissue graft, epithelial connective tissue graft, free gingival graft, stem grafts, guided tissue regeneration. The procedure to be performed is decided by following the most appropriate protocol according to the indication.
A gingival graft is a microsurgery that transplants a chunk of soft tissue-free gum or connective tissue (the inner layer of the gum) to close a soft tissue defect.
Often such procedures are necessary to enlarge implants or close defects caused by periodontal disease or trauma.
Grafts are taken from the third molar region or the palate and transplanted to where they are needed.
This type of procedure is a very delicate operation that uses the same type of blades as those used in ophthalmology and the stitches are also very thin. When the first healing is achieved, the stitches will be removed after 7-14 days, depending on the situation.
The surgery is painless, performed under local anesthesia. There may be slight tenderness for a few days after the surgery. There may be slight swelling in the local area, but no major swelling occurs.
The aim of periodontal treatment is not only to stop the progressive periodontal disease, but also to restore and regenerate the destroyed periodontal tissues to their former healthy state. Guided tissue regeneration is only one of the procedures applied for this purpose. Periodontal regeneration is the healing after periodontal surgery that results in the formation of new alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal membrane. Periodontal surgery methods used today result in repair rather than regeneration of periodontal tissues. With the periodontal treatment methods in which bone grafts are applied, new support bone formation at different levels can be achieved.
Guided tissue regeneration is a set of surgical procedures that provide the formation of new bone and gingival tissue by using membranes that act as barriers in areas where there is not enough bone and gingival tissue. In these procedures, soft tissue or synthetic material taken from one part of the mouth is transferred to the insufficient area.
Guided tissue regeneration is, in a way, the application of grafts. Periodontal treatment procedures are similar to each other, but there are minor differences within themselves. Such as the technique applied, the graft used, the suture thrown.
Recovery of periodontal tissue is the most difficult outcome in dentistry. For this reason, Guided Tissue Regeneration is only one of the techniques applied for this purpose. This treatment can be changed to modified techniques depending on the indication.
The success of these procedures depends on factors such as the level of progression of the disease, the success of the individual in maintaining oral hygiene, smoking, and systemic diseases.
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