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Dental stone, also known as tartar, is a health problem that occurs when daily oral and dental care routines are neglected. Bacterial plaques form on teeth that are not cleaned adequately, and these plaques can form mineral deposits on the teeth. These mineral deposits are called tartar. The tartar, which manifests itself in the form of a hard line formed in the lower part of the teeth, must be removed from the tooth. The removal of tartar from the teeth should be done by a specialist dentist.
The reason for the formation of tartar is that some proteins in the saliva stick to the tooth and some bacteria settle on this sticky layer over time. The layer formed by the combination of more than one bacteria progresses over time. Factors such as not brushing the teeth regularly and disrupting oral and dental care prepare a suitable ground for the formation of tartar.
Dental calculus is a disease that seems simple, but has very serious consequences if the necessary precautions are not taken. The biggest damage of dental calculus is the melting of the jaw bone holding the teeth over time and the loss of teeth accordingly. We can summarize the damage of dental calculus as follows; Food residues left in the mouth due to incomplete oral hygiene combine with the minerals in the saliva and cling to the bacterial plaque. As a result of this union, calculus forms over time. Tartars cause gum discomfort and recession. The body, by understanding the harm of tartar, tries to push it away from itself as it always does. Because he is aware that it is a foreign substance. Since the tartar is on the tooth, the body cannot destroy it within itself. In order to do this, the harmful area; that is, the female begins to distance herself.
The scaling process is performed using various devices under the control of the dentist. Thanks to these devices, a tooth surface-oriented cleaning is performed without any damage to the tooth enamel. In scaling cleaning, there may be differences in terms of the size of the calculus, the presence of gum disease, and the treatment method and duration, if any, depending on the extent of the disease. If the patient does not have a very advanced gum disease, scaling is performed with the help of ultrasonic devices called cavitron. This dental scaling process, which takes between 30 and 45 minutes, is called detertrage. In some cases, calculus accumulation is very intense and local anesthesia is needed for cleaning. All tartars under the teeth and gums are cleaned and destroyed one by one. In such cases, sometimes the patient may even require surgical intervention. This type of procedure is called curettage. In this type of procedure, where there are more dental calculus and intraoral problems, the session duration increases and the procedure to be performed changes.
It is the most common and protective method used in the treatment of gum diseases. During tartar cleaning, tartar or plaque, which is a sticky substance and mostly composed of bacteria, is removed.
In advanced cases, plaque and tartar adhere to the tooth surface, especially to the root surface below the gingival border. Root surfaces need to be leveled, as plaque tends to adhere to the rough surface. In this process, all tartar is cleaned and a smooth surface is created by removing the irregularities on the root surface.
Ultrasonic tools working with air pressure or electricity are used together with hand tools for calculus cleaning and root surface straightening. These instruments have two components. The first is a relatively blunt metal tip that vibrates at high frequency and removes plaque and tartar from the surface. The second component is the water washing system, which cools the metal tip while it is working and helps to remove the residue from the teeth.
Hand tools called scalers or curettes have sharp edges and these edges lean against the tooth and remove the tartar on the tooth surface. These tools are non-powered and designed in various shapes and sizes for different teeth and different surfaces of the same tooth.
During the root surface straightening process, first of all, large plaque and tartar are removed from the crown and root surface of the tooth with the help of ultrasonic instruments. Hand tools are used to clean the remaining material and smooth the root surface. While the dentist is working under the gingival margin, he cannot see plaque or tartar. However, the roughness of the root surface drives it.
In the early stages of gum disease (gingivitis) or in cases where more advanced gum disease is localized in one part of the mouth (localized periodontitis), scaling and root surface straightening are usually completed in a single appointment. If the patient has periodontitis, one half of the single jaw is treated in one appointment. Therefore, the treatment is completed in four sessions. After the treatment, patients are generally asked to come to the control appointment.
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